This project looks to develop both foundational hardware and modeling tools for microwaves as a non-conventional energy input source - a key theme in process intensification - for reactions across chemical conversions and materials synthesis. The project develops scalable microwave technology (MWT) across industries and RAPID focus areas (FAs) and demonstrates its diverse applications with different spatial, temporal, and phase characteristics, often combined with additional process intensification (PI) technologies. It develops software for optimization and design, followed by module fabrication and demonstration. It is expected that microwaves will be particularly useful in processes that are both high temperature and endothermic and for processes that may be difficult to scale down for modular applications using other approaches for heating
