Scaling

Hsieh, I.-M. ., Thakur, A. . K., & Malmali, M. . (2021). Comparative analysis of various pretreatments to mitigate fouling and scaling in membrane distillation. Desalination, 509, 115046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115046 (Original work published 2025)

Islam, M. . R., Hsieh, I.-M. ., Lin, B. ., Thakur, A. . K., Chen, C.-C. ., & Malmali, M. . (2021). Molecular thermodynamics for scaling prediction: Case of membrane distillation. Separation and Purification Technology, 276, 119231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119231 (Original work published 2025)

Thakur, A. . K., Hsieh, I.-M. ., Islam, M. . R., Lin, B. ., Chen, C.-C. ., & Malmali, M. . (2020). Performance of sweeping gas membrane distillation for treating produced water: Modeling and experiments. Desalination, 492, 114597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114597 (Original work published 2025)